Geohelminth infections among pregnant women in rural western Kenya; a cross-sectional study. Given these limitations, and as UPA staff suggested that pregnant women primarily attended psychoprophylaxis courses, it was decided to focus recruitment on these activities. Among intestinal parasites, the WHO considers soil-transmitted helminthiasis STH as the most common infections in vulnerable populations [ 5 ]. The need for a better method: Received Jan 15; Accepted Aug 
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Prevalence and risk factors associated with intestinal parasites in pregnant women and their relation to the infant's birth weight. The items included were age, occupation, mulekw level, civil status, health insurance coverage, monthly income, household conditions, water availability, supply, and sewage, and hygiene habits such as boiling water before drinking, washing fruit and vegetables, place and reasons for washing hands throughout the day, and habits of walking barefoot.
Comparison between qPCR test and a combined microscopy technique in a subset of 48 participants.
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Once the informed consent form was signed, each woman received a kit and instructions for appropriate stool collection. The percentage of agreement between the two techniques was then gruupo.
Segunda encuesta nacional de infecciones parasitarias intestinales en Cuba, These communities were selected because they have a majority of strata 1 and 2 neighborhoods or receive a large number of people displaced within Colombia [ 50 ], who live in socioeconomic and geographical conditions that may affect their risk of IPI. Among intestinal parasites, the WHO considers soil-transmitted helminthiasis STH as the most common infections in vulnerable populations [ 5 ].
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Overall, intestinal parasites are more frequent in children and mulkee adults than in older adults [ 83 ], facilitated, among other things, by limited hygiene habits and frequent consumption of contaminated water in these age groups [ 84 ].
Written informed consent was obtained from each participant. A total of participants answered a questionnaire; of these also provided stool samples, with providing one and 98 providing two stool samples. When qPCR was added to grypo combined microscopy technique in a subgroup of participants, the prevalence of each parasite was established separately and combined by creating variables, as described above.
Characteristics of participants who answered the questionnaire and participants who also provided one stool sample. Table 3 Prevalence of any parasite infection and intestinal polyparasitism by sociodemographic characteristics of participants.
Direct wet mount microscopy has reportedly shown better diagnostic capacity for protozoal trophozoites, especially Giardia [ 57 ] and Blastocystis [ 59 ], while the concentration technique has demonstrated better performance for other protozoa [ 59 ] and for helminths [ 6061 ].
More specifically, using the StatCalc module for cross-sectional studies, sample size was estimated based on exposure and outcome prevalence reported in previous similar studies in Colombian and Venezuelan cohorts.
Housing conditions are an important determinant for developing intestinal parasitic infections IPI [ 41011 ]. Pobreza Monetaria y Multidimensional en Colombia Rev Cubana Pediatr [Internet]. Received Jan 15; Accepted Aug These variances related to recruitment drawbacks mainly caused by difficulties in fieldwork due to serious safety issues and the availability of pregnant women. Accessed 30 Apr As seen in Fig.
A given urban district may contain several different strata. Accessed 05 May A significant association was identified between time since last deworming and infection by any parasite. After muldke the informed consent form, a unique identification code was assigned to muleje woman and her questionnaire was labeled with this code. Data analysis All data were double entered and controlled for errors. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
The hosts, in this study, are pregnant women.
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Table 4 Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections by living conditions and hygiene habits of participants. For the eight investigated parasites, qPCR identified only two types of parasites, B.
Also, at UPAs, scheduled control visits for pregnant women were mixed with all other medical appointments. Women who were married or living with a partner showed a non-significant trend toward a higher prevalence of intestinal parasitism. Geohelminth infections among pregnant women in rural western Kenya; a cross-sectional study.
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